In polarized sunlight filtering the Polaroid filter was invented, enabling sunglasses to absorb UV and infrared light. Ray-Bans gained popularity quickly when they began to be sold to the public in Most goggles are designed to protect the eyes from specific dangers of construction flying debris such as metal, plastic, and concrete or from sports injuries incurred playing racquetball or basketball, for instance. In orthodontist and avid skier Dr. Bob Smith pictured at right developed goggles with breathable vent foam and a sealed thermal lens AKA, double lens , creating the first fog-free snow goggles—the current design standard for snow eyewear.
Everyday the lighting conditions are different from the last and will be just as different from tomorrow's. Eyewear companies the world over have now adopted interchangeable lenses to aid the wearer in any lighting condition. Most may have adopted the concept, however in Smith invented the interchangeable lens for sunglasses.
In Smith invented the interchangeable snow goggle lens. This technology now gives the wearer more versatility no matter the weather. Early eyeglasses had glass lenses set into heavy frames of wood, lead or copper.
Natural materials of leather, bone and horn were later used for production of frames. In the early seventeenth century, lighter frames of steel were invented. The modern style of eyeglasses frame, which could be placed over the ears and nose, was invented in by British optician Edward Scarlett.
American scientist and philosopher Benjamin Franklin is credited with the invention of bifocals, dividing his lenses for distant and near vision. These two lenses were held together in a metal frame. Sir George Biddle Airy, an English astronomer and mathematician, invented glasses to correct astigmatism in which were meant to be held by hand. While it was probably difficult for the lowest classes to buy glasses —the duke was still generous enough to buy glasses even for young people with vision problems — they had to be affordable enough to be as ubiquitous as they seem to have been.
The variety of materials from which the glasses could be made would help make them widely accessible , and stylish. Many wore glasses for the sake of fashion. The inventor of the first image magnification technology, developed between the years and , noted that convex-shaped glass could magnify. These early magnifying glasses served as a precursor to eyeglasses that appeared for the first time in Italy, around the year They consisted of two framed glass or crystal stones and were brought to the eyes using a handle.
Their use soon spread throughout Europe. During this period, Venice was a Mecca for medieval glass production. At the end of the 14th century, thousands of eyeglasses were exported all over Europe.
In the mids, Florence, Italy became a leader in the production, sale, and innovation of eyeglasses. Glassmakers in the area began creating eyeglasses in various strengths for hyperopes, presbyopes, and myopes. After realizing that vision decreases slowly with age, a complex rating system was implemented, the eyeglasses were rated with progressing strengths for every five years of age. During the 15th century, eyeglasses were in great demand. Demand increased significantly after the first newspaper, The London Press , appeared in Possession of eyeglasses became an indication of intelligence, status, and wealth, a view shared by people from Europe, China , Italy, and Spain.
Germany became a major player in eyewear history during the 17th century. The best frames were produced here, although the Italians still produced very high-quality lenses. During this period, eyeglasses also became more widely used in the United States. Before the War of , McAllister imported all the eyeglasses sold in his optical shop. Due to the trade embargo with Britain, he began manufacturing his eyeglass frames in He and his son John McAllister, Jr. In , they began importing cylindrical lenses to correct astigmatism.
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