Don't let it come to that," says McLauchlin. Though, the chances of this worst-case-scenario happening are very unlikely. Unlike migraines and other types of headaches, brain freeze pain will usually dissipate in 30 seconds or less, says McLauchlin. But it can last up to a couple of minutes. The way to "treat" brain freeze is to stop or slow down the consumption of whatever is triggering the pain.

And so the faster the blood warms up, the shorter it lasts," says McLauchlin. Once the brain freeze dissipates, you can get back to enjoying your food or beverage — more slowly this time. When you drink a cold beverage, you cool down the blood flowing through the internal carotid artery, which runs right behind the mouth and throat and to your brain.

Your body alerts you that the blood flowing to your brain is too cold — resulting in the painful sensation of brain freeze. To get relief, try drinking a warm beverage. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options. Get the Insider App. If possible, remove the cold food or drink from your mouth, and press your tongue or your thumb against the roof of your mouth.

Drinking warm water can help, too. Mydlarz whose favorite ice cream flavors include coffee and chocolate-cherry recommends taking smaller bites or sips of cold food and drink, and warming them up in your mouth before swallowing. Grabbing an aspirin or acetaminophen may not be worth it. In the majority of people, brain freeze headaches are so short lived that by the time pain medications kick in, the headache will be over. That is the only good thing about brain freeze: its brevity.

The quick change in blood vessel size and blood flow here is what causes pain. Other vessels in the surrounding area may also grow or shrink, including in areas like the forehead and behind the eyes, in the area between the skull and the brain called the meninges. All these areas transmit pain signals to the brain through the trigeminal nerve , a nerve responsible for many operations in the face and head. So, when your brain receives these signals, you perceive pain not just at the source of the problem, but also in the front of the head as well.

Why we get brain freeze is a bit of a mystery. And brain freeze even exists in the animal kingdom such as cats , likely serving the same function — slowing down the consumption of cold foods. The main differences are in the symptoms. Take, for example, migraines, which are the most common type of headaches. Migraines are typically associated with pain on one side of the head or the other, nausea, sensitivity to light and noise, and sometimes blurry vision. But the pathway is similar.

You want to bring the temperature of your mouth back up to normal, so the blood vessels can shrink back to their neutral state. It may be hard with something as delicious as a Bomb Pop on a hot summer day, but at least it will last longer. Hello, curious kids! Ask an adult to send your question to CuriousKidsUS theconversation.

Please tell us your name, age and the city where you live. Portsmouth Climate Festival — Portsmouth, Portsmouth. Edition: Available editions United Kingdom. Become an author Sign up as a reader Sign in.

The largest amount of process data that can be encapsulated in a UDP datagram is 65, bytes. Overall, UDP is a much faster, simpler, and efficient protocol, however, retransmission of lost data packets is only possible with TCP….

Get stories like this in your inbox. Asynchronous transfer mode ATM is a high-speed, connection-oriented packet switching technology. ATM is a cell-switching and multiplexing technology that combines the benefits of circuit switching guaranteed capacity and constant transmission delay with those of packet switching flexibility and efficiency for intermittent traffic. Unlike cell technology, packet switching technology uses variable length packets. Even though cell switching closely resembles packet switching because cell switching also breaks the information into smaller packets of fixed length and thereby ensuring guaranteed delays.

UDP port numbers can be between 0 and 65, The limit for the UDP length field is determined by the underlying IP protocol used to transmit the data. Skip to content Technology. February 20, Joe Ford. Table of Contents. This is why it's called asynchronous; none of the cells go off at the same time relative to the other cells.

The ATM connection can be preconfigured by the service provider to make a dedicated or permanent circuit, or it can be switched or set up on demand and then terminated at the end of its use. Without routing and with fixed-size cells, networks can manage bandwidth under ATM easier than under technologies such as Ethernet. The high cost of ATM relative to Ethernet is one factor that has limited its adoption to the backbone and other high-performance, specialized networks.

This type of ATM network offers high-speed mobile communications. It came about following the success of wired ATM technology in response to demands for wireless service everywhere. Similar to other wireless technologies, the ATM cells broadcast from a base station and transmit to mobile terminals, where an ATM switch performs the mobility functions.

However, it provides high-speed transport for networks and is beneficial for companies that have an ATM network in place. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile.

Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. This is why all data packets should be of the same size. The fixed cell structure of ATM means it can be easily switched by hardware without the delays introduced by routed frames and software switching. Because of this, some people believe that ATM is the key to the internet bandwidth problem. A virtual circuit or connection must be established before the two endpoints can actually exchange data.

After the connection is set up, all cells reach their destination by following the same path. Each cell comprises a 5 bytes header and a 48 bytes payload, for a total of 53 bytes. Traffic rate can be constant or variable. This makes it easier to bill data usage. An ATM network is less adaptable to a sudden network traffic surge. It functions much like small-packet switched and circuit-switched networks, which makes it ideal for real-rime, low-latency data such as VoIP and video, as well as for high-throughput data traffic like file transfers.

Since all cells have a fixed length, the network traffic is easily predictable, and thanks to the inbuilt clocking of cells, quick cell switching is possible. This ensures that the quality of service levels can be easily guaranteed to the end-user. Available Bit Rate: Provides a guaranteed minimum capacity but data can be bursted to higher capacities when network traffic is minimal.

In the long-run, only capital, labor, and technology affect aggregate supply because everything in the economy is assumed to be used optimally. The long-run aggregate supply curve is static because it is the slowest aggregate supply curve. Aggregate supply is the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy plan to sell during a specific period of time.

It is the total amount of goods and services that firms are willing to sell at a given price level. In the short-run, the aggregate supply curve is upward sloping. There are two main reasons why the quantity supplied increases as the price rises:. In the short-run, firms possess fixed factors of production, including prices, wages, and capital. It is possible for the short-run supply curve to shift outward as a result of an increase in output and real GDP at a given price.

As a result, the short-run aggregate supply curve shows the correlation between the price level and output. Aggregate Supply Curve : This graph shows the aggregate supply curve. In the short-run the aggregate supply curve is upward sloping. When the curve shifts outward, it is due to an increase in output and real GDP. The long-run aggregate supply curve is perfectly vertical; changes in aggregate demand only cause a temporary change in total output.

In economics, aggregate supply is defined as the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy are willing to sell at a given price level. The long-run is the conceptual time period in which there are no fixed factors of production; all factors can be changed. In the long-run, firms change supply levels in response to expected economic profits or losses.

In the long-run, only capital, labor, and technology affect the aggregate supply curve because at this point everything in the economy is assumed to be used optimally. The long-run aggregate supply curve is static because it shifts the slowest of the three ranges of the aggregate supply curve.

In the long-run, there is exactly one quantity that will be supplied. Aggregate Supply : This graph shows the aggregate supply curve. The long-run aggregate supply curve can be shifted, when the factors of production change in quantity.

For example, if there is an increase in the number of available workers or labor hours in the long run, the aggregate supply curve will shift outward it is assumed the labor market is always in equilibrium and everyone in the workforce is employed.

Similarly, changes in technology can shift the curve by changing the potential output from the same amount of inputs in the long-term. For the short-run aggregate supply, the quantity supplied increases as the price rises. The AS curve is drawn given some nominal variable, such as the nominal wage rate. In the short run, the nominal wage rate is taken as fixed. Therefore, rising P implies higher profits that justify expansion of output. However, in the long run, the nominal wage rate varies with economic conditions high unemployment leads to falling nominal wages — and vice-versa.

In the short-run, the price level of the economy is sticky or fixed; in the long-run, the price level for the economy is completely flexible. Recognize the role of capital in the shape and movement of the short-run and long-run aggregate supply curve.

In economics, the short-run is the period when general price level, contractual wages, and expectations do not fully adjust. In contrast, the long-run is the period when the previously mentioned variables adjust fully to the state of the economy. Aggregate supply is the total amount of goods and services that firms are willing to sell at a given price level. When capital increases, the aggregate supply curve will shift to the right, prices will drop, and the quantity of the good or service will increase.

During the short-run, firms possess one fixed factor of production usually capital. It is possible for the curve to shift outward in the short-run, which results in increased output and real GDP at a given price. In the short-run, there is a positive relationship between the price level and the output. The short-run aggregate supply curve is an upward slope.

The short-run is when all production occurs in real time. The SRAS curve shows that a higher price level leads to more output. For one, it represents a short-run relationship between price level and output supplied. Aggregate supply slopes up in the short-run because at least one price is inflexible. A shift in aggregate supply can be attributed to many variables, including changes in the size and quality of labor, technological innovations, an increase in wages, an increase in production costs, changes in producer taxes, and subsidies and changes in inflation.

Why is the LRAS vertical? The LRAS curve is also vertical at the full-employment level of output because this is the amount that would be produced once prices are fully able to adjust. The long-run Phillips curve is a vertical line that illustrates that there is no permanent trade-off between inflation and unemployment in the long run. As unemployment rates increase, inflation decreases; as unemployment rates decrease, inflation increases.

The Keynesian aggregate supply curve shows that the AS curve is significantly horizontal implying that the firm will supply whatever amount of goods is demanded at a particular price level during an economic depression. The Keynesian AS curve is perfectly elastic when there is substantial spare capacity but becomes progressively more inelastic as spare capacity diminishes.

The change in the elasticity of the AS curve means that the impact of AD shifts will result in differential outcomes for price level and real output. Keynesians believe that the aggregate supply curve is horizontal in the short run. The Classical model assumes prices are flexible so that the aggregate supply curve is vertical and the economy is always at full employment. The aggregate supply curve shows the relationship between the price level and the quantity of goods and services supplied in an economy.

Government laws which say that the average work week must be reduced by one hour every year. The aggregate supply curve Aggregate supply, or AS, refers to the total quantity of output—in other words, real GDP—firms will produce and sell.

The aggregate supply curve shows the total quantity of output—real GDP—that firms will produce and sell at each price level. Figure 3. A Demand Shock. How productivity growth shifts the AS curve. In the long run, the most important factor shifting the SRAS curve is productivity growth. Productivity—in economic terms—is how much output can be produced with a given quantity of labor.

One measure of this is output per worker, or GDP per capita. The aggregate demand curve shifts to the right as the components of aggregate demand—consumption spending, investment spending, government spending, and spending on exports minus imports—rise. If the AD curve shifts to the right, then the equilibrium quantity of output and the price level will rise. Economists define a recessionary gap as a lower, real-income level, as measured by real GDP, than the real-income level at a point of full employment.

In the period leading up to a recession, there is often a significant reduction in consumer expenditure or investment due to a decrease in the take-home pay of workers. Suppliers of these final goods and services faced rising costs and had to reduce their supply at all price levels.

The decrease in aggregate supply, caused by the increase in input prices, is represented by a shift to the left of the SAS curve because the SAS curve is drawn under the assumption that input prices remain constant. An increase in aggregate supply due to a decrease in input prices is represented by a shift to the right of the SAS curve. A second factor that causes the aggregate supply curve to shift is economic growth.

Positive economic growth results from an increase in productive resources, such as labor and capital. With more resources, it is possible to produce more final goods and services, and hence, the natural level of real GDP increases. Positive economic growth is therefore represented by a shift to the right of the LAS curve. Similarly, negative economic growth decreases the natural level of real GDP, causing the LAS curve to shift to the left. Removing book from your Reading List will also remove any bookmarked pages associated with this title.

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Goodbye , Farewell , Way. Roy Rogers, Dale Evans Rogers Show source. Jimi Hendrix. Goodbye , Love You , Love Is. Jimi Hendrix Khalil Gibran. Moving On , Sympathy , Broken Heart. Khalil Gibran Goodbye , Farewell , Memorial. Anne Rice. Anne Rice Elvis Presley. Blessed , Singing Career , May. Goodbye , Farewell , Blue. Roy Rogers. Farewell , May , Irish Drinking. Meg Cabot. Dream , Thinking , Dragons. Richard L. Peace , Children , Father. Goodbye , Pain , Farewell.

Fall , Rain , Eye. Heart , Long , Waiting. Cast, Kristin Cast Martin's Griffin. Send Report. Mistake: Choose Email for contact not necessary :. Barack Obama 44th U. I have been an active contributor to The Random Vibez from last 2 years. Sharing quotes, proverbs, and sayings of great authors to touch people's lives to make it better.

You must be logged in to post a comment. Now Trending: 60 Summer Nights Quotes No Comments Sep 29, No Comments Sep 22, The second thought that may provide you with comfort is that you will meet again in the afterlife. Robert Southey was an English romantic poet. If you cannot envision heaven and all its glories, you may instead think of it as a comforting place, such as a favorite coffee shop.

It could also be used on the headstone of your loved one. Here are some that do both. You may feel that the connection you had with your loved one will live on after their death. You may feel that the relationship is eternal. Even if you know that you will meet your loved one again in the afterlife, you will still grieve not being with them on earth. Milne gives a positive spin on saying goodbye with this quote.

Finding the right words for a tattoo may be difficult. After all, live with them forever. Perhaps consider these messages if you are thinking about getting a memorial tattoo. Instead of tattooing the full name of the person you lost, you may think about using just their initials. This is a quote that can be used to help you and others get through the death of a friend.

They even made a song out of it from Buddy Holley. Cheers, Hondo B "When you come slam bang up against trouble, it never looks half as bad if you face up to it" - John Wayne quote. I know, I know, now we're getting silly. Chester and the Mrs. No big deal but I just thought of another phrase that's improperly associated with an entertainer.

People always associate Cary Grant with the phrase "Judy, Judy, Judy" and say it when they're doing impersonations of him. The fact is, he could never recall ever having said it there are differing theories as to how it came to be associated with him. Jen, It's good to see you back! We haven't seen you around for awhile. We really enjoy Cary Grant.

I would guess there is NOT a web site like this one for him as if we have the time. We just watched North by Northwest tonight, and he definitely didn't say, "Judy, Judy, Judy" and as you have already pointed out, we have never heard him say it in any of the many movies we've watched of his. Hey Mr. I've been around on and off - I just haven't been posting all that much of late.

It's been a while since I've seen any new films so I don't have any new questions to ask right now! Anyway, I think there probably IS a discussion board for CG, but as you suggest, there really isn't time in one's day for yet another film legend. And you know how these things snowball Btw, I love North by Northwest!

That's as far down that trail we'll be traveling. Good to see you checking in!! That's all folks! There were several comedians, mostly in the 70's and probably most notably Rich Little if I remember right who used "pilgrim" in their impression of the Duke all the time.

I think mainly people who've only seen a couple of John Wayne's movies seem to think he said that in a lot of his westerns but as several people here have mentioned there really were only the two and he used it the most in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance when talking to Jimmy Stewart, he may have said it once in McLintock!

I believe it was in the dialogue before that as well when the homesteaders first showed up. He frequently worked in minor roles with director John Ford and when Raoul Walsh suggested him for the lead in The Big Trail , an epic Western shot in an early widescreen process called Fox Grandeur, Ford vouched for him. A pilgrim is someone who travels a great distance to fulfill a religious purpose.

Many people saw religion and civilizations as the same thing, so bringing it to the New World, and later the west, was viewed as a sort of a pilgrimage. Previous What happens when you attack a monster in defense position? Next What is the cultural context of A Rose for Emily?

Prior to , the Inshore Traffic Zone served as the main shipping channel through the Strait. The graphic below shows a high-level view of the different depths of the Strait.

The Strait contains eight major islands, seven of which are controlled by Iran. Nonetheless, Iran has maintained a military presence on these islands since the s. The de facto Iranian control of these islands certainly strengthens Iranian influence in the waters of the Strait. Caption: Map that shows bathymetry of the Strait Note: "Unsafe" for tankers indicates that the depth of the water in that area is less than 25 meters - a fully laden supertanker will have draft, or the height of the vessel below the ocean surface, of meters.

The graphic to the right shows a high-level view of the different depths of the Strait. The Iranian gulf coast is generally not conducive to human habitation and development because of both topography and climate: generally arid and unbearably hot. Nevertheless, extensive oil operations in the south have brought some development to the area. The weather is dry and hot year-round, with July and August being the hottest months. Dust, morning fog, and haze can make visibility in the Strait especially difficult.

Dust haze is most common on the southern coast of Iran, especially during the dry summer months. Permanent off-shore winds bring both humidity and dust and, at their strongest, can pose hazards to terminal loading operations of oil tankers in the Gulf.

Notice: JavaScript is required for this content. Strait of Hormuz. Assessing the threat to oil flows through the Strait. A gulf is a large inlet from the ocean into the land. Gulfs are formed as a result of plate tectonics and are often connected to the ocean by narrow water passages known as straits.

It is approximately km long. About species of fish are found in the Gulf of Oman. Some of the notable fish include tuna, marlin, pomfret, swordfish, rainbow sardine, mackerel, sailfish, greater lizardfish, sardinella, and common dolphinfish. Some of the sharks that are found here are the Blue shark, silky shark, scalloped hammerhead, and bigeye thresher.

These hypoxic dead zones are incapable of supporting aquatic flora and fauna.

Damn that price haha. Hell yeah, it pays to be patient. Do not go buy stuff on ebay right away. Did everybody get a refund for their VIP after the tour got canceled? I could be wrong. Obviously they had extras of violent js. No one has recieved what was promised to be shipped in the mail from this concert or other prior concerts. Com, just to be able to afford a ticket, will never understand.

People who actually hold down jobs and pay for the upgrades are getting scammed at most events, consistently. Mikey, ask mama Cinder to shave that salt and pepper Bush next time. I like quality, trimmed roast beef curtains in the pics I pay for buddy. That fucking sucks dude.. They ran out. Usually get them in Dallas. It sucks because ive yet to listen to it. Wanted to hear my own copy. Guess i just have to keep waiting.

Karacalla the fact that you actually spent time creating another account just so you can post lame ass disses just shows how much of a bitch made faggot you really are LOL.

Is that who that is? Lmao Mikey muhfuckin Sinder hard as a muhfuckin sinder block. The cpn of faygoluvers. Much wicked respect to you Jor MF D!! Gladys, look baby, I dont know how to tell you this, but you might want to go ahead and get yourself checked honey.

Then I pulled out really fast and it sprayed all over his face. Remember you cracked the joke that he looked like pizzaface off the movie spaceballs.. We can continue no longer, were like Will Smith and that white bitch off of the movie Hancock, we make each other weak when together.

Did I check Lytes Instagram? I know it will be tuff to understand what that actually means, mikey, vicariously has over two syllables.

Lmfao just fukin witch yew… git et now I spells shit rong. Whoop whoop hell yeeeaaah. Appreciate the grammar lesson brother, lol. New New New. Seller Report item - opens in a new window or tab. Seller assumes all responsibility for this listing. Item specifics. Modified Item:. United States. Shipping and handling. This item will ship to Germany , but the seller has not specified shipping options.

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Come watch the no petal sprays of violets of dawn. In blindful wonderment's enchantments you can lift my wings softly to flight. Your eyes are like swift fingers reaching out into the pockets of my night. O whirling twirling puppy warm before the flashing cloaks of darkness gone.

Come see the no colors fade blazing into petal sprays of violets of dawn. Some Prince Charming I'll be on two white steeds to bring you dapple diamond crowns.

And climb your towers Sleeping Beauty 'fore you ever know I've left the ground. Come watch the no colors fade blazing into petal sprays of violets of dawn. But if I seem to wander off in dreamlike looks please let me settle slowly. It's only me just staring out at you a seeming stranger speaking holy.

No I don't mean to wake you up it's only loneliness just coming on. So let the no colors fade blazing into petal sprays of violets of dawn. Click to view our Accessibility Statement or contact us with accessibility-related questions. Toggle navigation. Save on Every Order! Musicnotes Pro Premium. Add to Cart. Transpose 0. No transpositions available.

Add to Cart 2. Quick Details. Add to wish list. The Arrangement Details Tab gives you detailed information about this particular arrangement of Come Like the Dawn - not necessarily the song. Not the arrangement you were looking for? View All Arrangements. The Related Products tab shows you other products that you may also like, if you like Come Like the Dawn.

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Each of the Big Three, after overthrowing the Titans, took one of the three physical domains on earth the heavens, ocean, and the underworld. This is why the Big Three are the most powerful and influential gods on Olympus. All Olympians possess specific skills associated with their area of expertise. For example, as the Olympian God of War, Ares is a formidable combatant with extensive knowledge of both armed and unarmed combat where as Aphrodite, Olympian Goddess of Love, is highly skilled in all forms of physical and sexual pleasure.

Most Olympians have had some degree of armed and unarmed combat training. Immortalspedia Wiki Explore. Wiki Content. Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account?

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Greek mythology has animal and part animal creatures. Many of these have supernatural powers. Some, like the Centaur Chiron, are capable of giving up the gift of immortality. Others can be killed with great difficulty and only by the greatest of the heroes. Snake-haired Medusa, for instance, killed by Perseus aided by Athena, Hades, and Hermes is one of the three Gorgon sisters and is the only one who can be killed.

Perhaps they don't belong in a grouping of immortals, but they aren't quite mortal, either. There were many beliefs in the ancient world. When the Romans started expanding, they sometimes joined together native deities with ones that sounded similar from back home. In addition to the religions with many gods, there were others like Judaism, Christianity, and Mithraism that were basically monotheistic or dualistic.

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List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Ancient History and Latin Expert. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. Featured Video.

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As its name suggests, the human size animal is characterized by sharp-pointed claws and clutching hands. Years after, it was found out that this animal is a hundred and ten million year old dinosaur.

Alan Walker Key Contributions of Alan Walker in Paleontology He studied on the very first stages of human evolution, particularly in the different epochs Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene in the geologic time scale.

Basically, he focused mainly on data and fossils obtained from East Africa. In addition to this, Walker discovered hundreds of fossils which include: skeleton of a young Homo erectus and a skull of an Australopithecus. Henry Fairfield Osborn Key Contributions of Henry Osborn in Paleontology In the early 20th century, Osborn rose to fame after leading various fossil hunting expeditions and after training new vertebrate paleontologists in the Western United States.

Osborn also described and named several dinosaur species such as the Ornitholestes , Tyrannosaururs rex , Pentaceratops , and Velociraptor. Osborn also conducted several studies about the brains of T. James Hall Key Contributions of James Hall in Paleontology In this geosyncline principle, he discovered the main reason why a basin sinks—because of the gradual buildup of sediments forcing it to slowly subside.

Benjamin Franklin Mudge Louis Agassiz In particular, his contributions are the following: Key Contributions of John Horner in Paleontology He discovered that like any other animals, dinosaurs do nurture their young. He also found that they were social animals and some can be found in groups.

John Fleagle Key Contributions of John Fleagle in Paleontology He worked on the functional and comparative anatomy of primates from Asia and Africa. He also studied primate behavioral abilities and compared their ecological roles in their communities. Luis Alvarez Key Contributions of Luis Alvarez in Paleontology Together with his son named Walter and colleagues, Luis Alvarez proposed the reason why dinosaurs became extinct—an destructive asteroid the size of San Francisco that slammed into planet Earth.

Mary Anning Aside from that, the London Geological Society awarded her for discovering the fossil of Ichthyosaurus. He went on to become professor of zoology and geology at Harvard, to head its Lawrence Scientific School, and to found its Museum of Comparative John G. She is also the author of scientific papers in the field of paleontology. Kiernan is a two-time recipient of both the World Fantasy and Bram Stoker awards. Jeremy Jackson. Jeremy Jackson is a marine ecologist, paleontologist and a professor.

Florentino Ameghino. Florentino Ameghino September 19, — August 6, was an Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist, whose fossil discoveries on the Argentine Pampas, especially on Patagonia, rank with those made in the western United States during the late 19th century. Along with his two brothers —Carlos and Juan— Florentino Ameghino was one of the most important founding figures in South American paleontology. From until his death, Ameghino was passionately devoted to the study of fossil mammals from Patagonia, with the valuable support of his brother Carlos Ameghino — who, between and , made 14 trips to that region, where he discovered and Mary Anning.

Mary Anning 21 May — 9 March was an English fossil collector, dealer, and palaeontologist who became known around the world for important finds she made in Jurassic marine fossil beds in the cliffs along the English Channel at Lyme Regis in the county of Dorset in Southwest England. Her findings contributed to important changes in scientific thinking about prehistoric life and the history of the Earth.

Anning searched for fossils in the area's Blue Lias cliffs, particularly during the winter months when landslides exposed new fossils that had to be collected quickly before they were lost to the sea. She nearly died in during a landslide that killed her dog, Tray. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. He conceived the vitalist idea of the Omega Point a maximum level of complexity and consciousness towards which he believed the universe was evolving , and he developed Vladimir Vernadsky's concept of noosphere.

Although a monitum was issued in regard to some of Teilhard's ideas, he has been posthumously praised by Pope Benedict XVI and other eminent Catholic figures, and his theological teachings were cited by Pope Francis in the encyclical, Photo: Metaweb FB.

Edwin Harris Colbert. Edwin Harris "Ned" Colbert September 28, — November 15, was a distinguished American vertebrate paleontologist and prolific researcher and author.

His father was George H. Colbert who was head of the mathematics department at Northwest Missouri State University and had been at the college since its founding in He received his A. She became a noted artist, illustrator, Conrad Hal Waddington. Although his theory of genetic assimilation had a Darwinian explanation, leading evolutionary biologists including Theodosius Dobzhansky and Ernst Mayr considered that Waddington was using genetic assimilation to support so-called Lamarckian inheritance, the acquisition of inherited characteristics through the effects of the environment during an organism's lifetime.

Waddington had wide interests that included poetry and Frank Cottrell Boyce. Frank Cottrell-Boyce born 23 September is an English screenwriter, novelist and occasional actor, known for his children's fiction and for his collaborations with film director Danny Boyle. Cottrell-Boyce has won two major British awards for children's books, the Carnegie Medal for Millions, which originated as a film script, and the Guardian Prize for The Unforgotten Coat, which was commissioned by a charity.

Michael S. In connection with his studies he has undertaken field expeditions in Central Asia, Asia Minor, the Levant, Arabia, eastern Africa, the high Arctic, and South and North America, and has published more than papers in scientific journals and over new living and fossil species.

Some of Engel's research images were included in exhibitions on the aesthetic value of scientific imagery. David Grimaldi.

David Grimaldi may refer to: David Grimaldi entomologist born , American entomologist and curator David Grimaldi soccer born , retired American soccer defender David Grimaldi politician born , American businessman and politician Nathaniel Shaler.

Nathaniel Southgate Shaler February 20, — April 10, was an American paleontologist and geologist who wrote extensively on the theological and scientific implications of the theory of evolution. John Campbell Merriam. John Campbell Merriam October 20, — October 30, was an American paleontologist, educator, and conservationist.

The first vertebrate paleontologist on the West Coast of the United States, he is best known for his taxonomy of vertebrate fossils at the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, particularly with the genus Smilodon, more commonly known as the sabertooth cat.

He is also known for his work to extend the reach of the National Park Service. Geerat J. Vermeij born 28 September in Sappemeer , is a Dutch-born professor of geology at the University of California at Davis. Blind from the age of three, he graduated from Princeton University in and received his Ph. An evolutionary biologist and paleontologist, he studies marine molluscs both as fossils and as living creatures.

He started writing about his Escalation hypothesis in the s. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in Walter Hermann Bucher. He was born in Akron, Ohio to Swiss-German parents. The family then returned to Germany where he was raised.

In he was awarded a Ph. The same year he returned to the U. One focuses on evolution and the origins of the life and the universe. The other is a freshman literature class in which students read assigned texts and interpret them using imagination and a variety of mediums. We spatial thinkers have known failure our entire lives and have grown up without expectations, not from our teachers, often not from our parents, and sometimes not even from ourselves.

We are the people who most often follow our dreams, who think differently, spatially, inquisitively. Others created barriers, such as time-based reading and writing assignments, which also helped. Nevertheless, Horner is not keen on being labeled dyslexic. When not teaching or curating, Horner enjoys tinkering with model trains and poking around for fossils. Today, though, Cope is best known for his part in the Bone Wars , his ongoing feud with his archrival Othniel C.

Marsh see slide 10 , who was no slouch himself when it came to hunting down fossils. How bitter was this clash of personalities? Well, later in his career, Marsh saw to it that Cope was denied positions at both the Smithsonian Institution and the American Museum of Natural History! An inspiration to an entire generation of Chinese paleontologists, Dong Zhiming has spearheaded numerous expeditions to China's northwest Dashanpu Formation, where he has unearthed the remains of various hadrosaurs , pachycephalosaurs , and sauropods himself naming no fewer than 20 separate dinosaur genera, including Shunosaurus and Micropachycephalosaurus.

To many people, Jack Horner will forever be famous as the inspiration for Sam Neill's character in the first Jurassic Park movie. However, Horner is best known among paleontologists for his game-changing discoveries, including the extensive nesting grounds of the duck-billed dinosaur Maiasaura and a chunk of Tyrannosaurus Rex with intact soft tissues, analysis of which has lent support to the evolutionary descent of birds from dinosaurs.

Lately, Horner has been in the news for his semi-serious scheme to clone a dinosaur from a live chicken, and, slightly less controversially, for his recent claim that the horned, frilled dinosaur Torosaurus was actually an unusually elderly Triceratops adult. Working in the late 19th century, Othniel C. Marsh secured his place in history by naming more popular dinosaurs than any other paleontologist—including Allosaurus , Stegosaurus , and Triceratops.

Today, however, he's best remembered for his role in the Bone Wars, his enduring feud with Edward Drinker Cope see slide 7. Thanks to this rivalry, Marsh and Cope discovered and named many, many more dinosaurs than would have been the case if they'd managed to coexist peacefully, greatly advancing our knowledge of this extinct breed.

Unfortunately, this feud also had a negative impact: so quickly and carelessly did Marsh and Cope erect various genera and species of dinosaurs that modern paleontologists are still cleaning up the mess. Far from the nicest person on this list, Richard Owen used his lofty position as superintendent of the vertebrate fossil collection at the British Museum, in the midth century to bully and intimidate his colleagues, including the eminent paleontologist Gideon Mantell.

Still, there's no denying the impact Owen has had on our understanding of prehistoric life; he was, after all, the man who coined the word "dinosaur," and he was also one of the first scholars to study Archaeopteryx and the newly discovered therapsids "mammal-like reptiles" of South Africa. Oddly enough, Owen was extremely slow to accept Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, perhaps jealous that he hadn't come up with the idea himself!

Marsh, but with a much nicer disposition, Paul Sereno has become the public face of fossil hunting for an entire generation of schoolchildren.

The position of Tamils in Sri Lanka remained precarious. In July the government said it had successfully taken control of the entire Eastern Province. More than , people were displaced in the fighting, and many remained living in camps. Following its Eastern Province victory, the government in August began an offensive in northwestern Sri Lanka, which led to thousands more being displaced.

Escalating fighting in brought further devastation for in the north and east, particularly affecting Tamils, with fierce fighting between government forces and LTTE. The violence reached its peak in early , with the LTTE cornered in a tiny enclave in the northeast of the country, where they held more than , Tamil civilians hostage. This however did not deter the Sri Lankan military from launching an assault on the area, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of civilians.

Amidst widespread reports of human rights abuses, including extra-judicial killings, victory against the LTTE and the official end of the conflict was declared in May The end of the conflict was marked by a wave of triumphalism on the part of the government and supported by many among the majority Sinhalese community.

There were celebrations in Colombo and several state-sponsored victory ceremonies. In contrast, in the north, while there was great relief that the conflict had ended, hundreds of thousands of Tamils remained displaced and were mourning those killed or missing in the last stages of the fighting.

International media reported that over , people, who had been trapped by the fighting for months without food and who were traumatized by the violence, had begun pouring into displaced camps.

The displaced were held in makeshift closed camps that were severely overcrowded and lacking adequate facilities. Food, water, shelter and sanitation were huge problems. Families were separated. Local and international NGOs and the media were given very limited access. There were reports of abductions, kidnappings, arbitrary arrests and torture from within the camps.

And amidst a poorly managed returns programme, by the end of there remained close to , internally displaced, including about , members of the Muslim minority. Problems of reintegration for those displaced by the conflict persisted, and women in particular faced unique hardships upon return. Despite the end of the conflict, the human rights environment continued to deteriorate in a climate of impunity. These areas remain heavily militarized; in addition to checkpoints blotting the region, the military also ran businesses, farming and development projects, and controlled civil society activity in these areas.

While there have been some improvements for the Tamil minority since , many areas in the north and east are still dominated by the military presence, with continued barriers for justice for the victims of conflict-related violence and their families, as well as lack of accountability and continued abuses and impunity by security forces.

These problems persist to this day, with continuing militarization, displacement and Sinhalization in minority areas, reflected in the construction of Buddhist shrines and victory monuments that affirm Sinhalese control. Rights violations include the taking over of land for Buddhist religious sites, the emergence of Buddhist symbols and places of worship in minority areas — in some cases where no Buddhists resided — and the denial of Tamils access to Hindu places of worship and cultural sites.

Protecting Tamil culture in the north and east, as well as reducing the pressures posed by militarization and rapid in-migration, will therefore be an essential element in ensuring peace and reconciliation in the country.

Despite this worrying global situation, we reaffirm our commitment to safeguarding the rights of minority and indigenous communities and implementing indivisible human rights for all. Sign up to Minority rights Group International's newsletter to stay up to date with the latest news and publications.

Since August, MRG has been assisting Afghan minority activists and staff from our partner organizations as their lives and their work came under threat with the return of the Taliban. We need your help.

For the last three years, we at MRG have run projects promoting freedom of religion and belief across Asia. In Afghanistan we have fostered strong partnerships with amazing local organizations representing ethnic and religious minorities. They were doing outstanding work, educating minority community members about their rights, collecting evidence of discrimination and human rights abuses, and carrying out advocacy.

Not all have been able to flee. Many had no option but to go into hiding. Some did not have a valid passport. Activists can no longer carry out the work they had embarked on.

They can no longer draw a salary, which means they cannot feed their families. With a season of failed crops and a cold winter ahead, the future is bleak for too many. We refuse to leave Afghanistan behind. We are asking you today to stand by us as we stand by them. We will also use your donations to support our Afghan partners to pay their staff until they can regroup and make new plans, to use their networks to gather and send out information when it is safe to do so, and to seek passports and travel options for those who are most vulnerable and who have no option but to flee to safety.

Azadeh worked for a global organization offering family planning services. Standing for everything the Taliban systematically reject, Azadeh had no option but to flee to Pakistan.

MRG is working with our partners in Pakistan to support many brave Afghans who have escaped Afghanistan because of their humanitarian or human rights work or their faith. They are now in various secure locations established by our local partners on the ground in Pakistan. Although they are safer in Pakistan than Afghanistan, Hazara Shia and other religious minorities are also persecuted there. We need your help, to support those who put their lives on the line for basic human rights principles we all believe in: equality, mutual respect, and freedom of belief and expression.

The situation on the ground changes daily as more people arrive and some leave. Aluminium mining in Baphlimali, India, has caused environment devastation and has wrecked the lifestyle of thousands of Adivasis. For centuries, Adivasi communities like the Paraja, Jhodia, Penga and Kondh have been living amidst the Baphlimali foothills.

For generations they have lived in harmony with nature. They lived through rain fed subsistence agriculture of millet, cereals, pulses, rice and collection of non-timber forest produce, e. With widespread mining activities and linked deforestation, they have lost access to forest products and to the much needed pasture land in the vicinity of their villages. Your help will mean that MRG can support communities like these to help decision makers listen better to get priorities right for local people and help them to protect their environment and restore what has been damaged.

The above picture is of a tribal woman forcibly displaced from her home and land by District Forest Officers in the district of Ganjam, Odisha. Her cashew plantation burned in the name of protection of forests.

Please note that the picture is to illustrate the story and is not from Baphlimali. Esther is a member of the indigenous Ogiek community living in the Mau Forest in Kenya. Her family lives in one of the most isolated and inaccessible parts of the forest, with no roads, no health facilities and no government social infrastructure.

The Ogiek were evicted from some forest areas, which have since been logged. By the 15th century they had a separate language, Malayalam language , now the language of the Indian state of Kerala. After 16th century no major rulers emerged to rule Tamil lands. But, there were many smaller local rulers. For some time, rulers from the present day Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh also ruled over the Tamil lands.

By the 17th century, Europeans from the United Kingdom , France and Denmark started to establish their settlements in Tamil lands. They fought many battles. Finally, the British won, and by the end of the 18th century, most of the Tamil lands came under the British rule. Before the deluge at about yrs, Sri Lanka was a part of Tamil Nadu and Tamil rulers of the ancient pandyas ruled this place.

After deluge Sri Lanka separated from Tamil Nadu. One north Indian king of Tamil origin exiled his son Vijayan out of country for his wrongdoing Vijayan with a small troop reached Sri Lanka. The Tamil Nagas, Yakkars and vedars were the original inhabitants of Sri Lanka before Vijanyan's arrival and the land was under Pandiyan control. Pandiyan of Madurai welcomed Vijayan with good heart and facilitated his troops. He sent Tamil girls from Pandiyan kingdom to marry Vijayan and for his troops.

The Tamil people ruled parts of Sri Lanka from time to time, and played important role in the ruling of Sri Lanka. In the 10th century, the Chola kings made Sri Lanka a part of their kingdom. This continued until late 11th century. The Arya Chakaravarthi dynasty ruled over large parts of northeast Sri Lanka until By this time the Portuguese and the Dutch won many areas of Sri Lanka. The Madras Presidency became a part of the British Raj. This became the Ceylon colony, also a part of the British Empire.

When India became independent in , Madras Presidency became a part of India. Ceylon became independent in , and the Tamil lands remained a part of independent Ceylon, now called Sri Lanka. It covered the areas of present-day Tamil Nadu, coastal parts of Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, northern Kerala, and the southwest of Karnataka. The Government of India rearranged the boundaries of many states of India based on language. Thus, the present day state of Tamil Nadu came into existence.

At the beginning, there was a demand for an independent country for the Tamil people. However, the constitution of India gave major rights to the states, and protected the speakers of regional languages from compulsory speaking and use of Hindi.

This satisfied most of the Tamil people, and presently there is no demand for a separate country for Tamil people outside the federal system of India. However, in Sri Lanka , the government did not give sufficient rights to people who spoke Tamil language. Most of the people living in Pondicherry of India are also Tamil people. Tamil people have been traditionally living in some other parts of India - for examples, Hebbar and Mandyam Tamils of southern Karnataka , the Tamils of Palakkad in Kerala , and the Tamils of Pune , Maharashtra.

For last one hundred years or so, Tamil people went to many other parts of India for jobs or business. Some of them settled in these places. Presently, there are two groups of Tamils in Sri Lanka. The first group is Sri Lankan Tamils. They are descendants of the Tamil people who lived in the old Jaffna kingdom or who migrated to the East coast. The second group is Hill Country Tamils.

They descended from the Tamil people who went to Sri Lanka from India as laborers in the 19th century-early 20th century. The first group mostly lives in the northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The second group mostly live in the central highlands. Many Tamils people lost their citizenship of being citizens of Sri Lanka. Many others had to shift to India. These developments brought the two groups of the Tamil people of Sri Lanka closer.

By s, most of the Tamil people had got back their citizenship. Beginning from the 18th century, many poor Tamil people went as laborers to many countries of the British Empire. At the same time, many Tamil businessmen also went to places in Burma and East Africa. Many Tamils still live in these countries. Special mention may be made of Singapore. The government has made Tamil language as one of the national languages although only 4. By s many Tamil people of Sri Lanka were facing ethnic conflicts.

Today, the largest concentration of Tamils outside southern Asia is in Toronto , Canada. In recent years, many young Tamil professionals from India particularly computer programmers have gone to Europe and the United States. Tamil people call their language as "the Tamil mother. Tamil language, like other languages of south India, is one of the Dravidian languages. In the territorialization of communities scattered over their host countries, they act as identity markers and anchorage points for deities and communities in the public space.

But it also takes the form of a stage, a stage for affirming an identity and a stage for rallying a community. Finally, temples appear to be crucial links in multiple networks, centres with no equivalent in the Tamil migratory space. From this point of view, it is not only the affiliation to a home territory that is evoked by the spatial rhetoric of the temples of the Tamil diaspora, but also the Tamil migratory space itself. Barth, Fredrick ed. Raj; William P. Harman eds. Clothey, Fred W.

Dayalan, D. Deerpalsingh, Saloni; Carter, Marina eds. Pluto Press. Guilmoto, Christophe Z. Hardgrave, Robert L. Irschick, Eugene F. Jacobsen, Knut A. Miller, Frederic P.

Hookoomsing eds. Nora, Pierre ed. Pandian, J. Punzo-Waghorne, Joanne, Diaspora of the Gods. Ram, N. Rukmani, T. Vertovec, Steven The Hindu Diaspora. Comparative patterns , London: Routledge. These numbers include the restoration of existing temples. Source: Statistics Canada.

The Census data were not available at the time this article was written. Site map — Syndication. Privacy Policy — About Cookies. OpenEdition member — Published with Lodel — Administration only. Skip to navigation — Site map. South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal. Contents - Previous document - Next document. Pierre-Yves Trouillet. Abstract Temples have been places of major importance for Tamil societies for more than fifteen centuries. Outline Framework, issues and method.

The Tamil temple as a haut lieu. Hauts lieux of identity and politics. The multi-polar roots of overseas ethnicity. Arenas for multi-scale political issues. Hauts lieux of transnational flows and spatial rhetoric. Full text PDF Send by e-mail. These numbers includ Figure 2. In other words, there may well be a Tamil nation of sorts, but no Tamil state, and the Tamil population is widely scattered around the world, although the majority of Tamils live in South and the South-East Asia.

Tamil nationalism is best illustrated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam LLTE movement, which considers itself as "the heart and soul of the Tamil struggle for self-determination" and aims at creating an independent Tamil state in North East Sri Lanka.

However, Tamil nationalism is also represented by other less known organisations, certainly in Sri Lanka, but also in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. Not all of them request independence, either for Tamil Eelam or for Tamil Nadu, but their mere existence has a disturbing effect on both Sri Lanka's and India's national unity.

Dust a Soundbwoy—Original Super Beagle. Who is Fuzzy Jones? What was his role in the dancehall? SB: When Fuzzy started out, he was a deejay but it was an uphill battle because the pace got so hot with artists like Terror Fabulous and Buju Banton a bust on the scene; but he had this voice.

So one time we were doing dubplates to send abroad, as he was doing his, he send off an intro that everybody liked, so he was invited to do an intro for other deejays. It so happened that due to his popularity, he was solely used for his intros. He was a major factor in dancehall, especially when it relates to clashing. His intros were so good that the sound you were killing usually dead by the end of the intro, before the actual tune started. SB: I understand he is no longer with us.

He passed in as a result of a car accident. LU: Have you heard from Kanye West in regards to the sample? Did they clear it with you first? SB : My thing is already regulated. They have people that they can contact; of course they gave me my credit. As an artist from Jamaica, we always think or hope that one day an artist like Kanye would sample your work, take it another level to show that people are really listening to our work, not only everyday people, but people [from] far away.

LU: Do you feel that now your publisher should be working really hard to get your other musical materials exploited? When Kanye samples your stuff, the phone keeps ringing. SB: Some people have in fact contacted me to let me know they have money for me. What do you feel has been the impact of dancehall on hip hop music? SB: [It] tremendously impacted the hip-hop vibe. You can tell. It came back about three times. The beginning, somewhere in the middle of the song and repeated it again.

It was right on time, that is a great impact, tremendous impact on the music in America. SB: That was definitely an accident, not something planned. She lived in Rollington Town, a neighboring town. She asked me what I was doing here, and I asked her the same. This was his first production.

So I told her that I was a singer. She was eager to introduce us. I told him it needed some sugar. Portmore is hot like the Casbah and resebles it too at times…. According to the artiste, since Supreme Promotions are looking to highlight the icons this year, it's the best time to make his debut. I want to make it extra special, and I want to get the chance to deliver some real new tunes The song has been aired on Hype TV and other cable channels.

Him sey, 'Beagle, bring een Fabulous', and the rest is history. We signed the contract already and, in fact, we a one a di first set of people to sign for Sting this year," he said. Following his return to Jamaica, Super Beagle has been creating new music and performing at several events in the Portmore area.

The icon was reintroduced into the Jamaican spotlight in , after his single, Dust A Soundboy , was sampled by Kanye West for his double platinum-certified single, Mercy. Beagle tells The Gleaner that Kanye's sample continues to spark his relevance.

Everything good, man; that was a blessing that was long coming. The music business is not an overnight thing; you have to put in the work and then yuh collect.

So Kanye West's sample helped me to secure some change, and it nah stop because some people in the world still nuh get it yet