In its simplest form we all produce testosterone, how do we know if someone hasn't injected some testosterone, as distinct from just being a person who produces large amounts?
Many of us learnt in school that if we get a stain on clothing, it spreads out and you see a separation of colours, that's chromatography. We put the sample into an area and separate it out in space. The mass spectrometer then works out how many carbons there are in the molecule, how many hydrogens, how many oxygens; and starts to build up the complete structure. Never say never to a scientist because a good scientist will always allow the remote possibility [of unknowns]. But I question whether we are always one step behind.
Pharmaceutical companies are actually informing the World Anti-Doping Agency of drugs in their pipeline, long before they can get into the hands of the cheaters. The cheating athlete keeps cheating. We catch up with them in the end. Victor Conte supplied prohibited supplements and hormones to Olympic medallists, baseball players and American footballers via the Balco sports supplement lab he founded in California.
He now works with anti-doping authorities. I took it myself for four consecutive days, and then I began giving it to a variety of athletes, [American] football players and others. Anabolic steroids are recovery drugs. They enable you to train very strenuously - which creates micro-tears and cuts in the muscle tissue - and then you bathe this in nitrogen that comes from the steroid, and it accelerates repair.
It enables you to get back to training again: where it would maybe take you two to three days for recovery, you can recover in a day. He supplied other performance enhancing drugs too - such as fast-acting insulin, growth hormones, and thyroid medication - to more than 20 athletes.
The results were immediate. After using a variety of drugs in she ran a So yes, it's very powerful. In , he met the British track sprinter Dwain Chambers in Miami. And the choice was made for him to try this. That year, with the help of Conte's drugs, Chambers won the m at the European Championships in Munich. But the authorities were closing in.
Conte was arrested and jailed for four months. Soon after, a Chambers sample was re-tested and found to be positive for banned substances. The World Anti-Doping Agency WADA was founded in to consistently apply anti-doping policies across sports organizations and governments around the world.
Non-compliant organizations can face sanctions such as event cancellation, loss of WADA funding, or ineligibility to host events. Refinements in drug testing have improved the ability to detect anti-doping violations, resulting in increased numbers of reported violations over recent years. For example, the discovery of long-term steroid metabolites has lengthened the drug detection window, making it more difficult for athletes to pass drug tests by simply discontinuing steroid use just prior to an event.
In addition, more sensitive technologies have allowed detection of lower metabolite thresholds. Although testing procedures are now in place to deter steroid use among professional and Olympic athletes, new designer drugs constantly become available that can escape detection and put athletes willing to cheat one step ahead of testing efforts. Most of the side effects are mild and reversible. Use of anabolic steroids in sports is as much a moral issue as a medical one.
Drug testing has not been a very successful means to eradicate abuse in the sporting arena. Education alone is probably not the answer to stopping anabolic steroid abuse but is an essential first step in combating this problem.
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